1. Paul Barber and Rosa Moiwend, ‘Internet Activism and the MIFEE Project, Ch 4 ‘Comprehending West Papua’, University of Sydney west Papua Project, 2011, http://sydney.edu.au/arts/peace_conflict/practice/Comprehending%20West%20Papua.pdf Chapter 4
2. http://malindanim.wordpress.com/2010/08/30/a-small-paradise-that-will-be-annihilated/
3. Down to Earth Papua edition 89-90, ‘Pusaka in the Land of Papua’, November 2011, http://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/sites/downtoearth-indonesia.org/files/DTE%2089-web.pdf
4. http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/new_guinea_forests/conservation_new_guinea_forests/sites_new_guinea_forests/papua_new_guinea_transfly/
5. Additionally, this classification is designated by the government, and its use is often controversial. The land may well be ecologically important or productive or otherwise useful for people living in the area.
6. http://www.greenomics.org/news/News_20100324_bi.doc
7. http://kpshk.org/index.php/artikel/read/2010/04/28/855/food-estate-merauke-rusak-gambut.kpshk http://health.kompas.com/read/2011/06/15/0315110/www.kompas.com http://www.penataanruang.net/detail_b.asp?id=1197
8. Histories of the act of Free Choice can be found at http://www.redwire.us/wpan/packet/UNPapua69.pdf or Pieter Drooglever’s article “The pro- and anti-plebiscite campaigns in West Papua: Before and after 1969 ”, Chapter 2 of “Comprehending West Papua, 2011, http://sydney.edu.au/arts/peace_conflict/practice/Comprehending%20West%20Papua.pdf
9. Jim Elmslie, MA thesis Ch 4 gives a history of the OPM http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/s123/elmslie/04.pdf
10. A more detailed account of some of the recent events in Papua can be found at http://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/story/ending-conflict-west-papua
11. A film about the events surrounding the congress can be viewed at http://westpapuamedia.info/2011/11/30/new-docos-examine-upheaval-in-west-papua/
12. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/08/some-papuans-skeptical-about-up4b.html
13. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB128/
14. Shareholder action forced this admission in 2003: http://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/story/military-protection-funds-exposed and then more recently revelations about ‘lunch money’ to the police emerged: http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/police-admit-to-receiving-freeport-lunch-money/474747
15. http://www.eia-international.org/rogue-traders
16. http://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/story/twenty-two-years-top-down-resource-exploitation-papua
17. Yayasan Pusaka, “MIFEE: Tak Terjankau Angan Malind”, 2011 p 23 http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2011/06/mifee-buku-low-res.pdf
18.http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/74248/ris-sugar-production-likely-to-miss-target
19. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/jul/03/biofuels.renewableenergy
20. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704238104574601613833960636.html
21. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/05/12/state-firms-set-joint-ventures-food-estate.html
22. http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/925075/uk_scientists_launch_scathing_criticism_of_eu_biofuel_targets.html
23. Yayasan Pusaka, “MIFEE: Tak Terjankau Angan Malind”, 2011 p 27 http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2011/06/mifee-buku-low-res.pdf
24. http://www.cifor.org/fileadmin/fileupload/media-release/Biofuels-Carbon-Debt-PressRelease-ENGLISH.pdf
25. http://www.smh.com.au/world/jakartas-plan-for-farm-in-jungle-unsettles-papuans-20100402-rjxg.html
26. http://farmlandgrab.org/2454
27. http://www.grain.org/article/entries/93-seized-the-2008-landgrab-for-food-and-financial-security
28. Yayasan Pusaka, “MIFEE: Tak Terjankau Angan Malind”, 2011 pp 78-79 http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2011/06/mifee-buku-low-res.pdf
29. For a description of REDD and news of its impacts in Indonesia and around the world, see reports at http://www.redd-monitor.org/
30. an investigation into the development of MIFEE until 2010 is available at http://wcaroko.blogspot.com/2010/07/merauke-integrated-food-and-energy.html
31. http://www.asiacalling.org/in/laporan-khusus/indonesias-mega-food-estate/1922-indonesia-plans-a-massive-food-estate-in-jungle-clad-papua
32. http://www.medcofoundation.org/news_view.php?id=41&strlang=ind (accessed December 2011, domain expired as of March 2012)
33. see for example Environmenal Investigation Agency, “Up for Grabs: Deforestation and Exploitation in Papua’s Plantations Boom”, 2009, p 20 http://www.eia-international.org.php5-20.dfw1-1.websitetestlink.com/wp-content/uploads/up-for-grabs.pdf
34. http://www.future-agricultures.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1139&Itemid=971
35. http://farmlandgrab.org/2454
36. http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/binladin-freezes-plans-to-invest-in-local-rice/309090
37. Yayasan Pusaka, “MIFEE: Tak Terjankau Angan Malind”, 2011 p 11 http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2011/06/mifee-buku-low-res.pdf
38. Yayasan Pusaka, “MIFEE: Tak Terjankau Angan Malind”, 2011 p 100-107 http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2011/06/mifee-buku-low-res.pdf
39. The ‘grand design’ for MIFEE has not been made available online, and so the data here is compiled from secondary sources.
40. I have not been able to determine the crop for two of the investments.
41. Although the grand design has not been made available online, a low resolution map of the ten clusters envisaged for MIFEE is contained within Indonesia’s plan for acceleration and expansion of economic development 2011-2025, which can be accessed in English here: http://www.ekon.go.id/media/filemanager/2011/05/27/p/d/pdf_mp3ei.pdf
42. Takeshi Ito, Noer Fauzi Rachman, Laksmi A. Savitri, “Naturalising Land Dispossession: A Policy Discourse Analysis of the Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate”, April 2011, http://www.future-agricultures.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=1139&Itemid=971
43. http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Indigenous_Peoples/INO/chapter_3.pdf
44. http://jasoilpapua.blogspot.com.es/2012/02/posisi-hak-adat-orang-asli-papua-dalam.html
45. Field visits by Pusaka to Zenegi and Kaliki kampungs, and interviews with people from Boepe kampung are recounted in Pusaka’s book “Tak Terjangkau Angan Malind” (op cit) pp 57-68, which is also the source for all other information about Zenegi and Boepe given here. A video of Zenegi villager’s reaction to the deception can be seen at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbTZfb_s-6w as well as further reactions to how Medco has violated other agreements at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll_EIYNKs_E
46. These claims were recorded on video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll_EIYNKs_E See also Pusaka’s book “Tak Terjankau Angan Malind” (op cit) pp65-66.
47. Yayasan Pusaka, “MIFEE: Tak Terjankau Angan Malind”, 2011 p 61 http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2011/06/mifee-buku-low-res.pdf
48. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPJtJTRiNNI Quote translated from Pusaka’s book “Tak Terjankau Angan Malind” (op cit) p90
49. http://wri-irg.org/node/12386
50. JPIC Desk / GKI-TP Synod, 09/03/2011, “Kaliki village and its problems with the PT Medco Company” (not found online)
51. JPIC Desk / GKI-TP Synod, 09/03/2011, “Kaliki and the Rajawali Group” (not found online)
52. Some of the Tabloid Jubi articles which cover this case are: http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/2900-dukungan-ci-terhadap-medco-papua-tuai-kritik-pedas.html , http://www.tabloidjubi.com/arsip-edisi-cetak/jubi-utama/3728-tanah-diambil-hak-adat-dirampas.html , http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/10405-masyarakat-empat-marga-qtanam-sasiq-di-boepe.html , http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/10745-aktivitas-lumpuh-pabrik-pt-medco-papua-dipalang.html , http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/10786-masyarakat-dua-kampung-harus-buka-hati-.html , http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/11613-masyarakat-tetap-ngotot-ganti-rugi-65-milyar.html , http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/11708-masyarakat-sanggase-tidak-akan-tinggal-diam-.html , http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/11881-masyarakat-sanggase-mengamuk-.html , http://tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/11879-pimpinan-pt-medco-papua-disandera.html , http://tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/14451-konflik-pt-medco-papua-dan-masyarakat-sanggase-telah-berakhir.html
53. http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/11839-keberadaan-pt-nutfa-malind-papua-ditolak.html
54. http://pusaka.or.id/2011/10/tanah-orang-malind-dalam-cengkeraman-rajawali.html
55. Related to Tapol by a protected source. see: http://tapol.gn.apc.org/press/files/Human-Rights-in-Papua_Report-2010-2011.pdf
56. http://pusaka.or.id/2011/07/gara-gara-sk-gubernur-papua-seharga-satu-botol-air-mineral.html
57. http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/15203-pt-dongen-prabawa-lecehkan-masyarakat-pribumi.html
58. http://blog.insist.or.id/sorak/
59. http://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/story/mifee-project-violates-human-rights
60. http://sorpatom.wordpress.com/2010/08/12/soal-mifee-pusat-dan-provinsi-tidak-sejalan/
61. http://www.tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/10425-pemprov-papua-dukung-program-miffe.html
62. http://www.inilah.com/read/detail/341911/dukung-food-estate-merauke
63. http://www.cenderawasihpos.com/index.php?mib=berita.detail&id=1421
64. http://regional.kompas.com/read/2011/12/16/19110826/41.Kilometer.Jalan.Dibuka.untuk.MIFEE
65. http://www.bisnis.com/articles/investor-siap-bangun-infrastruktur-food-estate-di-merauke
66. http://www.tempointeractive.com/hg/nasional/2009/10/05/brk,20091005-200906,uk.html
67. http://tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/jayapura/15429-kontras-papua-65-kasus-kekerasan-di-papua-sepanjang-tahun-2011.html
68. See for example these West Papua Media reports from December 2011 in Paniai: http://westpapuamedia.info/2011/12/14/massive-indonesian-offensive-displaces-thousands-in-paniai-as-helicopters-attack-and-raze-villages/ and also in Puncak Jaya: http://westpapuamedia.info/2011/12/04/tni-troops-burn-down-churches-and-villages-in-puncak-jaya/
69. http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/sticking-point-prolongs-freeport-strike/488078
70. http://sorpatom.wordpress.com/2010/08/12/forkorus-yaboisembut-rupanya-pemerintah-pusat-dan-pihak-luar-anggap-tanah-ini-tidak-bertuan/#more-133
71. http://sorpatom.wordpress.com/2010/11/26/di-jayapura-sorpatom-demo-tolak-mifee/ http://sorpatom.wordpress.com/2010/11/25/tolak-mifee-sorpatom-demo-ke-dprd-merauke/
72. http://www.aman.or.id/en/component/content/article/7/179.html
73. http://www.spi.or.id/?p=2240
74. http://sawitwatch.or.id/2011/04/mifee-must-benefit-indigenous-papuans-everyone-2/
75. http://tabloidjubi.com/daily-news/seputar-tanah-papua/15172-babat-hutan-merauke-ijin-operasi-pt-medco-papua-ditahan.html
76. http://www.cenderawasihpos.com/index.php?mib=berita.detail&id=1412
77. http://www.bintangpapua.com/tanah-papua/9936-pemkab-jembatani-perusahaan-dengan-pemilik-ulayat
78. http://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/story/indonesia-taken-task-over-mifee. Full text of the submission to CERD can be found at: http://www.forestpeoples.org/topics/un-human-rights-system/news/2011/08/request-consideration-situation-indigenous-peoples-merauk
79. http://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/story/ngos-urge-indonesia-heed-mifee-moratorium-call
80. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/08/18/us-indonesia-moratorium-idUSTRE67H1Y120100818
81. http://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/17176/INPRES0102011.pdf
82. http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/WPapers/WP-76Murdiyarso.pdf
83. http://www.greenomics.org/docs/Report_201202_Merauke_Food_and_Energy_Estate.pdf
84. “Di Merauke (Papua) juga tidak mungkin. Pembangunan food estate (klaster industri pangan) di Merauke kabarnya ditunda. Bahkan, lahan yang tadinya disiapkan mau dijadikan hutan lindung,” http://www.suarakarya-online.com/news.html?id=285764
85. http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/indonesia-turns-back-on-papua-food-bowl-plan/459493
86. http://www.cpj.org/killed/2010/ardiansyah-matrais.php
87. http://sorpatom.wordpress.com/2010/10/16/ketua-sorpatom-wilayah-merauke-diinterogasi-polisi/
88. http://tapol.gn.apc.org/letters/LettertoSRRighttoFood9Aug2011.pdf
89. http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/indonesia0609webwcover_1.pdf
90. The figure of 4.8 million is taken as an example by Pusaka, and SORPATOM estimate a similar number, which they claim will be multiplied several times if their families are included. If this figure seems far too exaggerated, other lower estimates are probably slightly too conservative, such as the 180,000 extra migrants estimated in Longgena Ginting and Oliver Pye, “Resisting Agribusiness Development: The Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate in West Papua, Indonesia”, April 2011, http://www.future-agricultures.org/papers-and-presentations/doc_download/1408-resisting-agribusiness-development-the-merauke-integrated-food-and-energy-estate-
91. Pusaka’s book “Tak Terjankau Angan Malind” (op cit) p82, http://desasejahtera.org/artikel/457-menggugat-food-estate-kembali-ke-petani.html
92. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/10/11/thousands-rally-papua-referendum.html
93. http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39189/2/hoey_ethnology_2003.pdf
94. http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/West_Papua_final_report.pdf
95. http://malindanim.wordpress.com/2010/08/30/a-small-paradise-that-will-be-annihilated/
96. http://regional.kompas.com/read/2010/08/06/0356553/MIFEE.Berkah.atau.Kutuk.
97. http://tapol.gn.apc.org/press/files/pr100811.html
98. http://www.papuaweb.org/goi/otsus/files/otsus-en.html (see article 61)
99. http://sorpatom.wordpress.com/2010/08/12/soal-mifee-pusat-dan-provinsi-tidak-sejalan/
100. http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/news/2011/08/EW_UA%20Indigenous%20Peoples%20Merauke%20Indonesia%20July%2031%202011%20Final.pdf
101. http://www.insideindonesia.org/edition-65-jan-mar-2001/kalimantan-s-peatland-disaster-3007496
102. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJIqgwt_dQo describes one program. Another program for hydrological rehabilitation funded by Australia as a REDD project has been criticised for potentially causing land conflicts due to heavy machine use, and not negotiating with local Dayak people: http://www.redd-monitor.org/2011/06/23/kalimantan-forests-and-climate-partnership-faces-yet-more-criticism/
103. http://www.nyeleni.org/IMG/pdf/DeclNyeleni-en.pdf
104. http://hidupbiasa.blogspot.com/2009/12/37-years-fighting-to-farm-oil-palm.html
105. “Olah tanahnya dengan mesin, penennya dengan mesin, pengeringannya dengan tryer. Dengan pola semacam itu biaya produksinya bisa lebih murah.”
106. http://www.economist.com/node/16886442
107. http://www.antaranews.com/berita/277214/mentan-petani-bukan-buruh-dalam-food-estate.
108. http://diskominfo.kaltimprov.go.id/berita-926-ketahanan-pangan-di–kaltim-perlu-dukungan-semua—.html
109. PT Harim Indonesia and PT Miwon are subsidiaries of South Korean companies. Pt Techniteam Indonesia is linked to Malaysia
110. http://regional.kompas.com/read/2011/03/31/03232299/Rencana.Food.Estate.30.000.Ha.Bulungan
111. http://kalbar-online.com/news/ekalbar/kubu-raya/kubu-raya-siapkan-program-food-estate
112. http://www.mediaindonesia.com/read/2011/08/28/254730/127/101/Kalbar-Sediakan-250-Ribu-Ha-untuk-Food-Estate
113. http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/bisindonesia/indonesia-plans-new-food-estate-in-aceh-minister/426203
114. http://www.grain.org/article/entries/4158-feeding-the-corporate-coffers-why-hybrid-rice-continues-to-fail-asia-s-small-farmers
115. http://www.spi.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/2011-12-29-Catatan-Akhir-Tahun-2011-SPI.pdf
116. The national importance argument has been used many times in the past to justify oppressive behaviour, including the use of military to guard projects like Freeport.
117. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2011/80/indonesia-billionaires-11_rank.html
118. http://economy.okezone.com/read/2009/10/02/320/262024/mitsubishi-lirik-investasi-rp2-5-t-di-merauke . Other reports indicate that the $250 million investment would come from the Japan International co-operation agency (see http://farmlandgrab.org/post/view/8083 ). Even if Mitsubishi Corporation does not make an investment in its own right, it remains involved through its 20% stake in Medco Energi.